The Performance Pipe Field Handbook
Table of Contents
| NOTICE ……………………………………………………………………………………….. | 8 |
| INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………….. | 10 |
| CAUTIONS AND NOTICE ……………………………………………………………. | 11 |
| Fusion and Joining ……………………………………………………………………….. | 11 |
| Leakage At Fusion Joints …………………………………………………………….. | 11 |
| Liquid Hydrocarbon Permeation …………………………………………………… | 11 |
| Weight, Unloading and Handling …………………………………………………… | 12 |
| Testing …………………………………………………………………………………………. | 12 |
| Protection Against Shear and Bending Loads ………………………………. | 12 |
| Subfreezing Temperatures …………………………………………………………… | 13 |
| Static Electricity ……………………………………………………………………………. | 13 |
| Electric Tools ……………………………………………………………………………….. | 14 |
| Coils ……………………………………………………………………………………………. | 14 |
| Locating ………………………………………………………………………………………. | 15 |
| Burial …………………………………………………………………………………………… | 15 |
| Application Limitations …………………………………………………………………. | 15 |
| M & I PRODUCTS AND FEATURES ……………………………………………. | 16 |
| Identification Stripes and Colors …………………………………………………… | 18 |
| Typical Physical Properties ………………………………………………………….. | 19 |
| Pressure Rating Design ……………………………………………………………….. | 22 |
| Pressure Surge ……………………………………………………………………………. | 24 |
| Pressure Class (PC) ……………………………………………………………………. | 24 |
| Working Pressure Rating (WPR) ………………………………………………….. | 25 |
| WPR for Typical Operating Conditions …………………………………………. | 26 |
| WPR for Other Operating Conditions ……………………………………………. | 26 |
| Chemical Resistance …………………………………………………………………… | 27 |
| FLUID FLOW ……………………………………………………………………………….. | 28 |
| Air Binding and Vacuum Release …………………………………………………. | 28 |
| Inside Diameter ……………………………………………………………………………. | 28 |
| Hazen-Williams ……………………………………………………………………………. | 29 |
| Manning ……………………………………………………………………………………….. | 30 |
| Comparative Flows for Slipliners ………………………………………………….. | 32 |
| Compressible Gas Flow ………………………………………………………………. | 36 |
| Fitting and Valve Friction Losses …………………………………………………. | 37 |
| THERMAL EFFECTS ………………………………………………………………….. | 38 |
| Unrestrained Thermal Effects ……………………………………………………….. | 38 |
| End Restrained Thermal Effects …………………………………………………… | 38 |
| Expansion Joints ………………………………………………………………………….. | 41 |
| Heat Transfer ………………………………………………………………………………. | 41 |
| ABOVE GRADE SUPPORTING …………………………………………………… | 42 |
| Support Spacing ………………………………………………………………………….. | 44 |
| BURIED PIPE DESIGN ………………………………………………………………… | 47 |
| Groundwater Flotation ………………………………………………………………….. | 47 |
| WATER ENVIRONMENT DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ……………….. | 47 |
| External Hydraulic Pressure ………………………………………………………….. | 48 |
| Submergence Weighting ……………………………………………………………… | 49 |
| Floating Pipelines ………………………………………………………………………… | 53 |
| RECEIVING AND HANDLING ………………………………………………………. | 58 |
| Receiving Inspection …………………………………………………………………….. | 58 |
| Unloading …………………………………………………………………………………….. | 59 |
| Pre-Installation Storage ………………………………………………………………… | 60 |
| Cold Weather Handling ………………………………………………………………… | 62 |
| JOINING & CONNECTIONS …………………………………………………………. | 63 |
| General Procedures …………………………………………………………………….. | 64 |
| Heat Fusion Joining ……………………………………………………………………… | 65 |
| Electrofusion ………………………………………………………………………………… | 69 |
| Extrusion Welding ………………………………………………………………………… | 69 |
| Hot Gas Welding ………………………………………………………………………….. | 70 |
| Mechanical Connections ………………………………………………………………. | 70 |
| Flange Connection ……………………………………………………………………….. | 73 |
| Flange Assembly …………………………………………………………………………. | 78 |
| Special Cases ……………………………………………………………………………… | 80 |
| Pipe Threads ……………………………………………………………………………….. | 82 |
| Pullout Resistant Mechanical Joints ………………………………………………. | 82 |
| Partially Restrained Joints ……………………………………………………………. | 84 |
| Branch Connections …………………………………………………………………….. | 85 |
| Repair Sleeves …………………………………………………………………………….. | 87 |
| Repair Connections ……………………………………………………………………… | 87 |
| UNDERGROUND INSTALLATION ……………………………………………….. | 88 |
| Pipe Embedment Terminology ……………………………………………………… | 89 |
| Trenching …………………………………………………………………………………….. | 90 |
| Placing Pipe in the Trench ……………………………………………………………. | 93 |
| Cold (Field) Bending ……………………………………………………………………. | 93 |
| Installing Fabricated Fittings …………………………………………………………. | 94 |
| Pipe Embedment Soils ………………………………………………………………… | 95 |
| Embedment Backfilling…………………………………………………………………. | 95 |
| Joint Restraining with Thrust Blocks………………………………………………. | 96 |
| Controlling Shear and Bending Loads…………………………………………… | 96 |
| Final Backfilling ……………………………………………………………………………. | 99 |
| Poisson Effects ……………………………………………………………………………. | 99 |
| The Poisson Effect ……………………………………………………………………….. | 100 |
| Connection Restraint Techniques …………………………………………………. | 101 |
| Pullout Prevention Techniques………………………………………………………. | 102 |
| Pullout Force ………………………………………………………………………………… | 103 |
| Special Underground Installation Techniques ………………………………… | 104 |
| Sliplining……………………………………………………………………………………….. | 109 |
| Proprietary Trenchless Rehabilitation ……………………………………………. | 114 |
| SURFACE INSTALLATIONS………………………………………………………… | 115 |
| ABOVE GRADE INSTALLATIONS……………………………………………….. | 117 |
| UNDERWATER INSTALLATION ………………………………………………….. | 119 |
| INSPECTION AND TESTING ……………………………………………………….. | 120 |
| Damage Assessment……………………………………………………………………. | 120 |
| Leak Testing ……………………………………………………………………………….. | 121 |
| OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES ……………………………………………………… | 122 |
| Disinfecting Water Mains ……………………………………………………………… | 122 |
| Cleaning……………………………………………………………………………………….. | 123 |
| GENERAL INFORMATION …………………………………………………………… | 124 |
| INDEX …………………………………………………………………………………………. | 130 |
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